Motivating Employees Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spurring Employees - Assignment Example For workers whose drives and needs are centered around fulfilling lower request needs (physiological, social and security needs), extraneous elements (cash or remuneration) could be the best inspirations. Be that as it may, for workers who ache for fulfilling higher-request needs (self-completion and satisfaction), inherent elements must be the best sparks of execution. The persuasive hypotheses that were clearly applied included Maslow’s pecking order of requirements, just as Herzberg’s two factor model (Martires and Fule, 2004). By precisely distinguishing the degree of necessities, just as the inspirational (or cleanliness) factors, businesses are helped with structuring persuasive projects that would keep workers beneficial, fulfilled and roused. In view of one’s individual and expert encounters and from the readings, one would prescribe that businesses need to precisely evaluate the necessities and drives of representatives to empower them to plan persuasive or motivating force programs that coordinate these requirements. As unveiled, inborn and outward factors (or cleanliness and inspirational components) should be joined in the activity to make the undertakings innately intriguing, testing, fulfilling, and fulfilling. Ryan, R., and Deci, E. (2000). Inherent and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Recovered December 28, 2014, from Contemporary Educational Psychology:

The International Effects of Technology essays

The International Effects of Technology articles The International Effects of Technology Atomic innovation has been around since the center of the Twentieth Century; engineered under exceptional worldwide military weights, atomic innovation brings up numerous issues about the estimation of an innovation that has the capacity to render the planet unfit for human occupation. The mystery race to separate nature into its most miniscule parts the consequence of which made an enormous wellspring of already obscure vitality, has described our short history with this hazardous information. Made considering momentary objectives, atomic innovation has fashioned human and natural destruction just as the political quandaries we end up in today. The creation and utilization of atomic innovation are matters of national or provincial, yet worldwide concern; our worldwide populace lives in a worldwide biological system, the annihilation of which influences every one of us. The race to create atomic innovation was a mystery exertion led by the United States so as to conclusively end World War II by methods for weapons of mass obliteration. This exertion was described by the nearsighted perspectives on society entangled in a war of worldwide measurements. Hence, the objective to win the war overshadowed the results of investigating, creating, testing lastly discharging these weapons upon populace and military focuses of the foe. These weapons were created without foreknowledge, dismissing the outcomes of having the necessary information and crude materials also the real aftermath coming about because of their utilization. The end advocated the methods; the momentary arrangement was in fact effective, the weapons sent true to form, the adversary was crushed and the world has never entirely been the equivalent. There was truth be told, next to no premonition that went into arranging how to securely get crude materials, test explosions, screen side-effects, discard radioactive waste and deal with the cle... <!

Importance of Measuring Returns in Marketing

Significance of Measuring Returns in Marketing Promoting Metrics Foundation Associations have quickly moved into a period of centered showcasing spending. Cost cutting is not, at this point considered the most ideal income age vehicle in view of its restrictions. Harder economy has put screws to showcasing and deals office spending plans. It has made promoting to demonstrate it’s spend or if nothing else legitimize the estimation of its speculation. Ahuja et al., (2001) feature that cost cutting alone isn't sufficient in expanding a firm’s income, nor does it significantly improve the main concern over the long haul. Notwithstanding, finding the â€Å"lost† cash that isn’t being astutely contributed and reallocating it to progressively key promoting programs assists with expanding a firm’s income and benefits quite a long time after a seemingly endless amount of time after year (Kokkinaki Stefano, 2004). This has offered ascend to the showcasing measurements, promoting arithmetic, estimation advertising. Promoting spending is ceaselessly been addressed as showcasing financial plans get slimmer. There is an expanding responsibility of advertising spending in the present market atmosphere (Barwise Farley, 2003). The promoting business has arrived at a time where the organizations are progressively been compelled to spend on gainful exercises. The remittance to spend on things that don’t straightforwardly support the firm’s key arrangement, vision, and strategic diminishing by each spending day. Pioneers and higher supervisors are attempting to constantly attempting to rouse their organizations to recognize spending that isn’t attached to interest in the firm’s future (Clark, 1999). This is done to let loose the cash to reallocate it all the more deliberately to progressively gainful recommendations. The hour of overspending with next to zero control is attracting to a nearby. The ascent of web showcasing has likewise expanded the pertinence and significance of estimating as results can without much of a stretch be estimated on the web. Online advertisers measure things, for example, ‘Click-through rate’ (measures the pertinence of email contributions by following theâ number of one of a kind navigate). One of the other online estimates utilized by associations like Amazon is the ‘Goal change rate’ (incorporates web examination with email advertising apparatus to follow the metric that issues) . The ascent of execution estimation Execution estimation has been touted as an improvement for associations for a considerable length of time. Showcasing directors and policymakers presently have estimation devices to help do their obligations to convey and improve administrations. Execution estimation can give the connection between whats (destinations, targets and execution principles) and hows (practices, abilities and procedures) of faculty execution (Deery et al., 2002; pg 471). The estimation procedure includes setting of corporate, office, group and individual targets. Specialists have suggested that a presentation estimation structure should begin with a hierarchical examination. A choice to actualize the exhibition estimation framework ought to be made by the authoritative standards and model of the association following the recognizable proof of the current structure and working of the association and the assessment of the auxiliary issues (Ambler, 2001). The most imaginative organizations and associations, d on't just execute one great program, rather, they incorporate propelled the executives strategies into a thorough way to deal with efficiency improvement. They use execution estimation and assessment to help set up objectives and measure results, gauge and legitimize asset prerequisites, reallocate assets, create association improvement methodologies and rouse work force to improve execution (Schaufeli Buunk, 2003; pg 383). While a few associations don't have faith in amassing information for estimating, others discover showcasing measurements difficult to collect. Absence of IT frameworks can be incompletely accused the same number of associations find various measurements dispersed over the association for various timespans, diverse client and partner sections, and a large number of purposes. Points Objectives Point To distinguish and show the significance of estimating returns in advertising The Purpose of this examination is to increase new bits of knowledge into the idea of advertising estimation, break down the essentialness and significance of estimation in the present showcasing atmosphere. All applicable estimation factors utilized by associations to quantify advertising viability will be illustrated. Their effect on key dynamic will likewise be investigated. Destinations To dissect the significance of estimating advertising exercises The examination shows the significance of estimating and the issues that may emerge when advertising exercises are not estimated. Expanded rivalry and absence of capital is making the showcasing spending shrink which has implied increasingly canny utilization of advertising cash. This has significantly expanded the significance of estimation inside the promoting network as they need to know regions of better yield and spotlight their spend on these regions. To survey the advantages of estimation exercises The investigation features the advantages of estimation as well as shows the misfortune by not estimating advertising exercises. Simultaneously, it likewise considers the additional cost which the association may acquire while estimating these exercises (cost as innovation, individuals and other fixed and factors cost) To delineate and portray the connection between showcasing estimations and vital dynamic. The exploration doesn't contemplate the showcasing estimation exercises in disconnection. It relates the effect of these estimations on key dynamic. It takes the instance of different medium and huge associations to legitimize the significance of estimating. It talks about the utilization of promoting measures by different associations and the effect they have on vital and strategic choices. To inspect the challenges looked by associations hoping to gauge advertising exercises. Advertising exercises are difficult to gauge and associations can confront specialized and process challenges in attempting to quantify its promoting returns. Littler and medium estimated associations may need to make interests in innovation and human skill so as to quantify their exercises. It can likewise change the manner in which information is put away in the information bases and other specialized issues. The exploration will dissect these components and make determinations subsequent to doing a money saving advantage investigation of showcasing estimations. To make fitting suggestions with respect to promoting estimations. The exploration will suggest explicit measurements and the manner in which they ought to be estimated to give precise and opportune data to the associations. It will examine the utilization of these measurements under various showcasing circumstances and spending limitations. Extension The extent of the exploration is constrained to optional research. There is constrained field explore accomplished with the end goal of this examination. Additionally, there are countless various measurements utilized by associations over the globe, the examination takes a gander at the most widely recognized and proper measures. There may be other promoting measures which are similarly appropriate. Likewise, the examination is conventional in nature which implies that a specific measure talked about probably won't be reasonable for a specific association at a specific time. The measures and measurements proposed doesn't identify with the nature, structure and culture of the association. The investigation mentions the importance of examined quantifies under changing conditions. Method of reasoning The fascinating observations with conflicting speculation concerning advertising estimations is the thing that stirred adequate enthusiasm for the creator to go in for an investigation into the idea which has become a piece of the promoting dynamic and corporate technique. Albeit, customary way of thinking directs that estimating showcasing exercises will give an association a decent sign of their viability, as a general rule, promoting estimation is as yet not rehearsed by most associations. It has likewise been wasteful for others due to the utilization of superfluous measures. This makes the subject considerably additionally fascinating in light of the fact that it isn't only the utilization of measures that prompts adequacy however its the utilization of important and suitable measure. This precarious idea of advertising estimations was what caused the creator to go in for an exploration as no current writing gave an obvious judgment regarding the matter. Find support with your exposition from our master article journalists Design and structure of the exposition The exposition is spread out in five parts, sub-isolated consistently based on their relative significance to the examination. Every section takes a gander at the exploration issue in an alternate point of view however there is recognizable level of between relationship among them. The real investigation starts from part two with Review of Literature breaking down various advertising estimates utilized over the business and surveying its pertinence to hierarchical dynamic. The substance in the exploration report can be expounded quickly as appeared under the accompanying headings. Section One Introduction As the name recommends, this section presents the investigation of the essential focal point of the territory of research. It obviously checks out the reason, point and targets of the exploration giving a peruser a rule concerning what's in store. It additionally gives out the extent of the examination and illuminates the method of reasoning behind the investigation. Part Two Literature Review This part basically readies the investigation for observational work by taking a gander at assessments and ends drawn on specific hypotheses and ideas to check for likenesses and distinction made by past journalists on comparable or related examinations. It’s on this premise, later stages in the exploration are created. It is in this way, absolutely a portrayal of optional information with different ideas. Specifically, scholastic diaries, sites and te

Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethnography - Essay Example The Bible examination bunches set their principle scriptural theme to be concentrated during these investigation times. The significant motivation behind Bible examination is to by and large handle a comprehension of God’s word, despite the fact that there is some presence some type of love and supplication. There exists a conventional conviction that moms should remain at home at home and take care of their youngsters. The Bible, for instance in Titus 2: 4-6 and Timothy 5:14, centers around the job of ladies job as ‘house keepers’, who should bear kids and raise them in a way that the Lord needs. In Proverbs 31: 28-31 ladies for the most part are given applause for the fruitful bringing up of kids and home. In that regard, ladies have scriptural jobs that can be improved through book of scriptures study gatherings to be respectful and progressively honorable. This has prompted the arrangement of cell bunches that for the most part involves ladies either wedded or single. In this way, even societies corrupt, mutilate and degrade ladies, the Bible lifts up them. The ladies have various difficulties which they have to address as ladies alone. It was seen that the cell bunches which involved both single and wedded ladies initiates by removing their shoes, welcoming one another, having refreshments, taking of the supplication demand, an initial petition, getting of the book of scriptures study meeting, lastly it finishes in supplication once more The interviewees detailed that Bible examination brings solidarity for ladies who are not used to fellowshipping with one another. They additionally announced that they meet at Theresa Burns house so ladies can feel increasingly good being in a home setting stanza in a congregation, so they are not victimizing any confidence. Outside the gathering, a portion of these ladies are collaborators. Others go to a similar church in this way fellowshipping together cooperation together. They additionally revealed that their gathering was non-denominational gathering. The cell bunch comprises of a wide range of ladies. The Bible examination is driven by Theresa Burns since she is viewed as a go between, despite the fact that they are no

Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, & Treatment

Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, & Treatment Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Nicotine Last? By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 02, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs & Symptoms Coping & Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment View All Back To Top One of the biggest fears for people who want to quit smoking is going through nicotine withdrawal. The withdrawal process can be unpleasant and people often experience symptoms such as irritability, cravings, and weight gain.?? But with the right tools in place, you can overcome these symptoms and make your next attempt at quitting a success. Overview Nicotine withdrawal is a normal physical and emotional reaction to rapidly quitting,?? or significantly reducing, your nicotine intake. It usually happens when you drastically reduce or stop smoking after youve been ingesting nicotine every day for at least several weeks. Your body and brain adapt to the nicotine you take in on a regular basis through smoking, chewing tobacco, or using a nicotine patch, gum, or other nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Your body learns to expect a certain amount of nicotine each day and reacts with unpleasant symptoms without it. For many people, daily intake of nicotine also becomes part of how they manage their emotions and affects both how they relax?? and how they keep themselves alert. When nicotine is suddenly absent, you tend to get nicotine withdrawal symptoms. About half of all smokers report experiencing at least four withdrawal symptoms when they quit, studies show.   How Long Does Nicotine Withdrawal Last? Even without medication, withdrawal symptoms typically last between a week and a month. The first week after you stop is the worst, and after that, the intensity of the symptoms tends to drop over the next month. The period of withdrawal depends on various factors such as how long and how heavily youve been smoking. Signs Symptoms People usually have several of these symptoms at once, making nicotine withdrawal unpleasant. If you prepare yourself and find ways to address them,?? you will increase your chance of success. Nicotine Cravings Most people who are withdrawing from nicotine experience strong urges to smoke. These urges are known as cravings, and they are common among people withdrawing from many addictive substances.?? Coping With Withdrawal Cravings Depression People often feel sad, depressed, or have a low mood during nicotine withdrawal,?? which is sometimes known as a dysphoric or depressed mood. It is important to remember that some changes in mood are normal during nicotine withdrawal, and they dont necessarily indicate that anything is wrong. Not only is there a good physiological reason for mood changes, but you are also processing the loss of an activity you enjoyed, and which may have helped you cope with low mood. Many people feel some grief at losing the pleasure they felt from smoking. This is a natural part of the process of overcoming your addiction to nicotine. It will eventually turn to feelings of acceptance and then liberation from the drug. Irritability This mood change can range from feeling irritable or frustrated to feeling angry. Ideally, while youre in the throes of nicotine withdrawal, you should try to give yourself plenty of space from others, as you may end up treating them in ways they dont appreciate or deserve. Anxiety and Restlessness The anxiety you feel during nicotine withdrawal can range from feeling on edge to feeling fearful or even panicky at the thought of facing the future without the calming effects of nicotine. This state of anxiety is heightened during nicotine withdrawal for people who are prone to anxiety in general.?? Difficulty Concentrating Like most stimulants, in the short term, nicotine can help with mental focus.?? In contrast, when youre experiencing nicotine withdrawal, you might find it difficult to concentrate without the stimulating effects of the drug. However, much of this symptom is subjective. You still have the ability to concentrate, but just feel less able to. Your sense of focus will return once your body re-establishes its homeostasis. Sleep Problems Difficulty sleeping, also known as insomnia, is quite common during nicotine withdrawal. Daytime exercise, particularly outdoor exercise that exposes you to sunlight, can help you feel more relaxed and sleepy at bedtime.?? How to Deal With Withdrawal-Related Insomnia Appetite and Weight Gain Nicotine can be an appetite suppressant and smoking also interferes with your senses of taste?? and smell, so some people use smoking as a snack substitute and as a way to try and control their weight. One of the most rewarding aspects of quitting smoking can be rediscovering the joy of food. As long as the food you choose is healthy and eaten in moderation, there should be no problem. Coping Relief The good news is that there is much you can do to reduce cravings and manage common withdrawal symptoms. Even without medication, withdrawal symptoms and other problems subside over time.?? Exercise Exercise is a quick and easy way to boost your mood, as long as you dont overdo it by developing a substitute exercise addiction. Engage in physical activity such as taking a walk or engaging in other exercises such as jogging or swimming. Manage Cravings Many people find distraction can take their minds off cravings until they subside, since cravings usually only last for between five and 10 minutes, even if theyre intense. Others find that cravings cause them to relapse again and again. If this happens to you, talk to your doctor about nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). It can take longer to quit this way, but you may have a better chance of success. Avoid Triggers Try to stay away from people and situations that you know will provoke your anger during this time. Over time, youll feel less irritable, and you may even be better able to cope with annoyances than you did before you quit. For now, give yourself and others as much time and space as possible. Relieve Stress If you know you tend to get anxious under stress, especially if youre prone to panic attacks, try to avoid stressful situations while youre quitting nicotine.?? This will reduce the likelihood of your anxiety escalating. Try to ease the pressure: Dont quit smoking when you have an exam coming up, at tax time, or during any other time which requires a lot of mental focus under pressure. Instead, do it at a time when youre under less pressure to concentrate. Yoga, mindfulness, meditation,  and relaxation exercises can all help with reducing the anxiety you feel during nicotine withdrawal.?? Eat Healthily Its all too easy to fall into the trap of comfort eating in response to cravings and increased appetite, and you may end up gaining weight or even developing a substitute food addiction. Avoiding  overeating is key to preventing these pitfalls.?? Find Distractions It is normal for cravings to subside, but to still pop up occasionally months, or even years, after quitting nicotine. The trick to maintaining a smoke-free lifestyle is to distract yourself quickly and not give in to the craving. Every relapse starts with a single puff, so be sure to have a substitute activity to deal with any situation when you might have smoked?? â€"to manage stress, to celebrate, to help you focus. That way, you wont be tempted to smoke again. Warnings Occasionally, withdrawal symptoms can go on for longer than usual. If this happens, see your doctor. Sometimes, what seems to be the stubborn symptoms of nicotine withdrawal can be related to another condition. Remind yourself that these feelings are temporary. You should be careful to only use nicotine replacement therapies as recommended.?? Overusing these replacements can lead to nicotine overdose. If you experience any symptoms of nicotine overdose such as rapid breathing, seizures, headaches, diarrhea, irregular or rapid heartbeat, weakness, tremors, or sudden changes in blood pressure,?? call poison control immediately and contact emergency services for help. Long-Term Treatment Long-term treatment may include the extended use of nicotine replacement therapies. Research has shown that nicotine patches, for example, can be effective in maintaining smoking abstinence beyond the standard eight weeks of treatment. However, evidence suggests there may be little benefit in using these treatments beyond 24 weeks.?? Behavioral treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be helpful. CBT works to change the underlying thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to smoking. Replacing these maladaptive patterns with healthier ones can improve the chances of long-term smoking abstinence.?? Resources Withdrawal can be difficult, but there are resources that can help. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide free quitting smoking plans, educational materials, and information on local resources. The American Lung Association also offers information and programs designed to help people quit smoking. You can also visit  Smokefree.gov, a website from the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Tobacco Control Research Branch, and use the Step-by-Step Quit Guide to learn about other tips for managing cravings. They also offer smoking cessation apps and texting programs that can also help you stay on track. A Word From Verywell Coping with nicotine withdrawal is often one of the hardest parts of quitting smoking. Fortunately, there are things you can do to manage your symptoms and nicotine replacement therapies can reduce your symptoms and improve your long-term outlook. Identify the triggers that make you want to smoke, find ways to manage your cravings, and dont be afraid to reach out to your doctor for advice and further assistance. Practical Tools to Help You Quit Smoking

Solar Energy Essay - 550 Words

Solar Energy (Essay Sample) Content: THE FUTURE OF SOLAR ENERGYName:Course:Date: The effects of global warming have led to the realization that sources of energy need to change to minimize this process (Turner 1999, 687). In the last decade, most governments around the world have invested in renewable sources of energy. Solar, wind, nuclear, and geothermal energies have in particular received attention around the world as governments try to meet the continuous rise in energy demands. However, wind and geothermal energy have limitations owing to availability of such resources. Although nuclear power has proven to be a reliable source of energy, the huge costs involved and safety issues have led to some countries such as Germany to close down some of the nuclear plants. In addition, the traditional use of hydroelectricity is being limited by dwindling water resources around the world. Therefore, solar energy remains one of the most promising sources of renewable energy in the future. Solar energy is an imp ortant renewable energy source because it is abundant throughout the world, simple to implement, while its environmental implications during installation is minimal (Turner 1999, 688).The abundance of solar energy across the world is a major factor that will make it an energy source of the future. The amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth daily is several times higher than the total energy required by the population, making it one of the most abundant energy sources (Bradford 2006, 54). This means that solar energy collection is feasible almost everywhere. In addition, recent advancements in technology have enabled the collection of solar energy in cloudy conditions or at night. These new solutions imply that it is possible to power the world using solar energy throughout the year without having to worry about changes in weather conditions. In comparison with other sources of renewable energy, solar energy is easy to install. Although the initial cost of installing solar panels is expensive, the installation process is simple and uses less time (Bradford 2006, 63). To build a hydroelectric generating station, it requires a lot of work due to construction of dams. Wind farms also involve a lot work during construction of wind turbines. In contrast, solar energy is less involving and especially in cases where it installed on the top of buildings. Moreover, solar panels have also proven to be less demanding when it comes to maintenance compared to hydroelectric and wind energy (Bradford 2006, 64). Solar energy has minimal effect on the environment during installation. For example, installation of solar energy usually takes place in less productive areas (Bradford 2006, 69). In some cases, solar panels can be installed on building rooftops, which has little effect on the environment. In comparison, wind farms require large tracts of lands, whic...

Literary Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper - 992 Words

Literary Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper In the story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman she writes of a woman severely oppressed in her marriage. The women in the story is an open mind individual. John; her husband is a psychologist and thinks that his wife has a mental disorder because of all the free thinking and puts her through the rest cure. Through analysis of the story, we can see that this story displays a creepy tone in order to depict a serious matter at a time when women’s oppression was at large and feminist protest was in full swing to put a stop to it. The writer uses literary devices such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and irony in order to show the reader how the main character has to overcome her oppression through insanity. During the time this story was written, women took care of the children and the housework. Women were to be quiet and secondary citizens to their spouses. Opinionated women who spoke their minds were thought to have mental inca pability’s called neurasthenia and treated with the rest cure. These women would have all possessions taken away including care of their household and any means of expression. The author of The Yellow Wallpaper wrote this story as a creative way to critique this medical treatment she also had to undergo says a critic writer Witalec. (1) This critique showed to the symptoms gained from the rest treatment so people could understand that this form of treatment was only doing harm to these women. FromShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1226 Words   |  5 PagesIn the story, The Yellow Wallpaper the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman brings to life the tale of a woman suffering from post partem depression. Her husband is a physician and makes the mistake of keeping her closed off from the world. (John) thinks that the right thing to do is to keep her alone in an unfamiliar room. In this room, there is a bed that is nailed down to the floor and a yellow wallpape r that at first, she despises. However, she eventually becomes obsessed with it and goes completelyRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Literary Analysis 1486 Words   |  6 Pagesemotionally confined, and her great awakening being the room in which she grasps the hope of freedom. The settings show the character analyzes her new life, as her barrier and weight of being a wife is lifted, bring fourth new light. We can see in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† that the author chose to base the main character John’s wife, around physical confinement in which her room symbolized imprisonment, and due to her illness mental confinement as well. Soon enough we see that her sickness takes hold making herRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper860 Words   |  4 Pages wrote The Yellow Wallpaper, showing her disagreement with the limitations that society placed on women during the nineteenth century. According to Edsitement, the story is based on an event in Gilman’s life. Gilman suffered from depression, and she went to see a physician name, Silas Weir Mitchell. He prescribed the rest cure, which then drove her into insanity. She then rebelled against his advice, and moved to California to continue writing. She then wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† which is inflatedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1512 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman published the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†; a short story that addresses the sensitive topic of inequality between men and women during the nineteenth century. The courageous feminist discusses an issue that many were afraid to talk about, the inhumane treatment of women diagnosed with hysteria. She was the voice for the helpless women who didn’t know how to speak up during this revolting oppression. Gilman created the striking novel by using powerful images toRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1111 Words   |  5 Pagesobstructing man he’s vanquished on the floor and she walks over him, as it were!† The woman in the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is seen as a wife to a successful man, a woman who is sickly but well taken care of. In her mind she is trapped and finds a means of escape through the wallpaper, she finds the full escape she craves but at the cost of her mind. The house and the wallpaper are a metaphor of her life. The woman in the story is seen as sickly by those around her, and maybe she reallyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper2144 Words   |  9 PagesWith these views in mind, it is common knowledge that in 1892 Charlotte Perkins Gilman published her well-known short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† to address a large problem from her time. This story was controversial and groundbreaking because most people at that time did not understand Postpartum Depression. Most doctors believed only in what they could see, and as a result, the majority thought that women were just nervous and had slight hysterical tendencies. Gilman experienced first hand theRead MoreLiterary Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper589 Words   |  3 PagesIn Charlotte Perkins Gilmans â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† we are introduced to a woman who enjoys writing. Gilman does not give the reader the name of the women who narrates the story through her stream of consciousness. She shares that she has a nervous depression condition. John, the narrator’s husband feels it is â€Å"a slight hysterical tendency† (266). She has been treated for some nervous habits that she feels are legitimately causing harm to her way of life. However she feels her husband, a physicianRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Woman Rocks the Cradle Charlotte Perkins wrote the short story The Yellow Wallpaper. For this analysis paper, I am only going to mainly talk about three characters and they are as follows: the narrator (some call her Jane), John (a certified physician and the husband), and the narrator’s brother (also a physician). This story starts off with the narrator talking about the new transition she has made with her husband John into a new house. On the very first page, she begins to explain how sheRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Literary Analysis803 Words   |  4 PagesThe Truth is Insanity The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Stetson is a short story told from the viewpoint of a young woman who has been taken to a house in the countryside to improve her health. The concept of truth explored within the story is equivocal as the way in which the characters are presented is inhibitory when deciding what is true and what is not. To begin, the young woman’s mental and physical health is a great point of dispute between her and her husband, John, as he â€Å"assuresRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1138 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 2016 Literary Analysis of Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper During the late 1800’s, life for women was much different than it is today. Home and family were expected to be their priorities rather than education or the pursuit of a career in the professional world. Married women were not allowed to own property, keep the wages they earned or sign contracts. No woman could vote either. In short, women in the 1800’s were essentially second class citizens. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte

Education During World War I - 2213 Words

Education has an importance in the world that cannot be matched. By learning new things and applying them to everyday tasks, the world has rapidly advanced over the past century. However, in the beginning of the 20th century, there were not many educational opportunities for the public, but with the help of World War I (WWI), changes were made. Even though there were not immediate impacts after World War I, the war set the stage for the development of education in the United States because women were granted more educational rights, and the government instituted programs to improve overall education. Before the war, children in rural areas started school in September in a one-room schoolhouse nearest to their house. Normally, the building†¦show more content†¦Before WWI there were schools for children to attend, however they were not of great quality, and could easily be improved upon. In 1914, when the war began, the United States remained neutral, taking a backseat to the fighting in Europe. The war however, still had an impact on America. There was a large industrial expansion in industry and agriculture from the increased demand for those supplies over seas. The French, British, and Russians imported raw materials, foodstuff, and military supplies, which resulted in an increase of 15% in the gross national product (GNP) for the United States (Progressive Era). Although some questioned the need to spend such a large amount of money on a war that the U.S. was not yet a part of, the U.S. raised $15 billion dollars more than they spent on their allies with just the sale of Liberty bonds; that doesn’t include the money tax revenue (Progressive Era). Staying neutral actually helped the U.S. maintain a steady economy without losing any lives in combat. The money that the U.S. was able to make back went into programs to aid apparent issues in the country, such a s education, that only received the attention after the war. Women played an important role in allowing the U.S. to improve its GNP before their entrance into WWI. Many women wanted to help the cause overseas, but they were not

The War Of The Cold War - 1504 Words

The Cold War was not a bloody war, but rather a political war between the United States and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Although war usually ends up in bloodshed, this particular war brought beneficial changes into todays society. The Cold War, in a nutshell, was the fight for communism vs. capitalism. With this, I contend, that there are various contributions from this war, that created the society that we live in today. At the end of World War Two, came the beginning of the Cold War. The war lasted from about 1945 to 1963. There were many different aspects of importance to this war, but some of the main focuses were on the more bigger issues. Some of those issues involved; The possession of nuclear weaponry, the division of Europe into two different military alliances (NATO The Warsaw Pact), The Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. All of these issues, and more, had outcomes that eventually shaped the society and economy that we live in. In the term â€Å"Cold War,† the word â€Å"cold,† was merely used in the sense that there was no direct military battle between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although they did participate in multiple â€Å"proxy wars,† which is basically small wars that are instigated by a higher power, but don t get involved itself. The first time the term â€Å"Cold War† was actually used in in describing the war of that time, was in 1947, in a congressional debate. The term was used by the American financier Bernard Baruch,Show MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensi ons in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War886 Words   |  4 Pagesin an infamous battle against ideologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nu clear attacks and political control over states in Europe. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall PlanRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. The Cold War came about after World War II when America used their atomic bombsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Truman has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout th e world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wantedRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War942 Words   |  4 PagesFeelings Do Matter At the close of World War Two in 1945, the United States entered another kind of war, the Cold War, which did not involve two adversaries in open battle fields using bullets against the Soviet Union. Throughout the Cold War, incidents fueled feelings of anxiety, mistrust and pride. Often pride is defined as â€Å"a feeling that you are more important or better than other people† (Pride). Mistrust on the other hand is the â€Å"feeling that someone is not honest and cannot be trusted†,Read MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ended in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1244 Words   |  5 PagesBoos echoed throughout the streets of Harlem, New York in great waves of disapproval. Hippies holding up signs supporting peace, and posters opposing the Vietnam War, otherwise known as the Cold War, greeted the tired and injured soldiers. The familiarity of their hometown created a sense of peace and warmth, despite the angry cries of protest from the enraged nonconformists. As loved ones embraced their fighters, chants of outrage broke out from the hippies, and the soldiers, relieved to be home

A Farewell Of Arms By Ernest Hemingway - 1067 Words

A Farewell to Arms By: Ernest Hemingway This book was claimed to be the best American novel to emerge from World War 1. This book is about an American ambulance driver on the Italian front and his passion for a beautiful English nurse. The drivers name is Lieutenant Henry and the English Nurses name is Catherine Barkley. The story starts out with the main protagonist Lieutenant Henry arranging to tour Italy. The following spring, upon his return to the front, Henry meets Catherine Barkley, an English nurse’s aide at the nearby British hospital. Catherine and Henry meet each other and then it becomes into a relationship. Catherine, who grieves over the death of her Husband; longs for love so deeply that she will settle for the†¦show more content†¦Henry was sent to the front with other ambulance drivers to evacuate troops as the Germans begin to break through the lines. They pick up two engineering sergeant and two frightened young girls. When one of their vehicles bog s down in the mud, Henry orders the two engineers to help in the effort to free the vehicle. When they refuse, he shoots one of them, â€Å"I look down to what I have done, he was still breathing, Bonello with his ruthlessness shot him in the back of the head.†(Hemingway 81) The drivers continue in the other trucks until they get stuck again. They send off the young girls and continue on foot toward Udine. Some conflict breaks out and Henry jumps into a river and boards a train to Milan where Catherine resided in. With a pregnant Catherine and Henry who deserted they make way for Switzerland on a borrowed boat. They resided in a town called Alpine and one morning Catherine fell into great pain for the baby was coming, â€Å"I’m awfully tired and I hurt like hell.†(Hemingway 326) They were staying in a hotel at that time and Henry was at the hospital all day waiting for the results of the baby and Catherine. As resulted the baby was born into a still born because the umbilical cord choked him around his neck. Catherine almost died of the delivery but she could not survive in the end because of a hemorrhage. Henry stayed with her at the last moments of her life, â€Å"She was unconscious

Arm Length and Heigh Investigation-Science Free Essays

Arm Length and Height Investigation By: Teresa Gebhardt Our Hypothesis is that, there is a linear correlation between arm length and height. We believe from observing our fellow students in class that taller people have longer arms. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the 24 students arm length compared to their height. We will write a custom essay sample on Arm Length and Heigh Investigation-Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Testing this hypothesis is important so that we can solve our theory that taller people have longer arms. The control was one single student who measured the majority of the other students. Shoes were removed to ensure accuracy and we made everyone stand straight against the wall, when being measured to prevent imprecise measurements. We used a meter stick to measure arm length and measuring tape to measure height. We converted the inches from the measuring tape to meters so we had an exact unit. We measured from the tip of your longest finger to under the left arm’s armpit. Our sample size was 24 American students from the ages of 18- 21. The replicate measures we used were measuring the arm length and height of the same subject (student) three times. We then took the average of those three answers, which were sufficiently similar. Our assumptions are that the wall is straight, the floor is leveled, and that we perfected the way to measure. We found that the taller you are the longer your arms are. The average length of my classes’ arm length is 1. 64M and the average height of my class is . 7 M. The data collected shows that arm length increases as height increases. We used a table with 5 columns labeled: Subject, Trial #, height, arm length, average. Our limitations are that we only tested 24 students. The majority were Americans but of different races. We tested boys and girls. We only tested students of the ages between 18-21. My suggestion for doing this experiment again would be to separate males from females to see if sex is a determinant. How to cite Arm Length and Heigh Investigation-Science, Papers

Development And Learning In Organizations †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development And Learning In Organizations? Answer: Introduction Ethics and values are extremely important aspects of a successful business. Over the years values and principles have repeatedly emerged as important concepts in the business operations. It is important to mention that most of the organisations in the global market prioritise ethics and values that have been the pillars of their business practice. Values and ethics have been designed to help the business owners to manage business effectively and also make decisions in the best possible way. Ethics from the parlance of philosophy could be defined as the difference between what is right and what is wrong and acting accordingly. In the business operation ethics is important since effective ethical decisions makes a business achieve success[1] (Wild, John J., Kenneth L. Wild, and Jerry CY Han: International business 2014). The aspect of ethics mainly involves correct and right business behaviors with the different stakeholders which would help to achieve the business objectives effectively. Ethical behaviors and values are important for the organisations and hence it is important to take into account the discussion of ethics and values through the perspective of the different authors. Values play an important role in the practice of ethics. The implementation of values is important in order to make sure that business is practiced ethically and grows ethically. Ethics forms the basic part of business even in the global business environment but there is difference as stated by authors in the way ethics is perceived. (Demuijnck, 2015) states that there is a universality in the use of values in international business ethics whereas Chaney and Martin (2014: 66) that the use of ethics or the standards of business ethics are not universal and might differ in different cultural situation. The present study wil l take an opportunity to discuss ethics, values and business management in cross cultural environment. The study will critically and reflectively discuss Australian business relationship with Indian and Chinese business culture. Discussion on the cross cultural differences between Australia, India and China In the last few years the global businesses have significantly and many countries have come together to work and exchange trade. When countries come together to exchange trade there are number of key aspects the come into play. The very first thing that comes into play is the cultural diversity that the companies from the different cultural locations to understand cross cultural business. In the wake of globalisation many Australian firms have started operating in India and China two of the most important markets in Asia. This clearly asks for a strong understanding of the cultural setting of the market which would help to make sure effective cross cultural strategies are developed to do business in cross cultural environment[2] (Ferrell, Odies and John Fraedrich: Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases 2015). The increase in trade between Australia and India and Australia and China have increased significantly over the last couple of decades or so which clearly makes it important for the western organisations to learn the cross cultural differences. The business relationship develops with the understanding of cross cultural aspects which is important to connect with people from different cultural background. There is a significant difference between these countries chosen for the essay. Australia is very straightforward when it comes to business. The Australian business culture is a clear and professional and hence the business houses mostly prefer to do business with straightforward strategy and ethics[3] (Ardichvili et al., 2012 cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China 415-428). The business culture of Australia is based on sheer professionalism. Most of the businessmen in Australia dont believe in building relationships for a long time before getting into business relations and they are receptive to new ideas. The Australian business companies are highly modest and understand their benefits and accordingly make business decisions and hence hate aggressive sales techniques and avoiding self importance. The cultural difference that is there in their business is punctuality and timing. They are very particular about the timing aspect which also exhibits their professionalism. The biggest difference in business culture in Australia is the timing of their business hours which basically starts from 8 oclock and goes till 5. These are the basic cultural features which are found in the Australian business sector [4] (Cavusgil et al, 2014 International business). India and China being Asian business market have some similar features like they are more focused on building relationships with each other before business deals are made. Both the markets are highly focused on building business relationships effectively. Both the countries India and China have contributed to the global economy with their market and huge amount of business accommodated in the vast market. The business culture in India is based on building relationships which mainly help the organisations to go ahead for a long term deal. Apart from that it also helps the Indian and Chinese businesses to communicate with their counterparts to eliminate any kind of differences before a contract is signed[5] (Okoro, Ephraim. "Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion." 2012). The business houses in Asian companies appreciate the foreign businesses and are friendly and professional but the main difference in their business is the approach that they apply. When the Australian businesses do not focus on the relationship building and are highly professional then the Indian and Chinese counterpart focuses on relationship building. The greetings and pleasantry sharing are obviously different in both the countries and this displays their distinct cultures effectively. Even though their traditional cultural system dont affect business with foreign countries it is important to make sure that cross cultural information are utilised effectively to get the best possible business results. Language is also different in all the three countries but China and India tend to adapt to countries with whom they get into business relationships. At the professional level relationship building Indian business environment is friendlier whereas Chinese businesses are more formal with the relationships and hence it could be said that understanding of cross cultural relations in business is important for Austra lian businesses to maintain a strong hold over business in Asian market. Business operations in overseas conditions also need effective implementation of ethics and values and this is where the debate of international standards of ethical practice comes into the action[6] (Griffin et al., 2012 International Business). It is important to discuss whether standard ethical practice is effective to continue operations in culturally different regions and improve cross cultural business relations among countries like India, China and Australia. Business Ethics and Cross cultural relations in business There have been significant debates in the corporate world regarding business ethics and their utilisation in the practical field especially during cross cultural business. It cant be denied that many authors have showed their views some similar to each other while some being distinct in their own ways. Business ethics stands to be extremely important for the organisations since it acts as the mainstay while doing business with organisations. The values that reflect from their business practice mainly show their honesty, integrity, morals and principles. Hence it is important that all the business organisations from the different parts of the world focus on reflecting their business ethics while doing business. The western and Asian business cultures are different and hence there is a strong question of whether the ethical standards of business remain the same with change of geographical boundaries. When naturally a person crosses the boundaries of his or her own nation the understan ding of principles and morals often blurs due to the differences in laws and statutes. Often it becomes a problem that shared attitudes and familiar laws ethical practice becomes tough[7] (Crane, Andrew, and Dirk Matten: Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. 2016). To speak from the business parlance it could be said that the western businesses are more focused on developing a strong business infrastructure and focus more on aspects like the factors of production and marketing mix whereas the main issues emerge with pervasive factors like culture. Culture and its expectations clearly affect the business practice of the overseas business houses. Australian organisations are largely influenced by the business ethics of Britain and United States whereas the Asian giants like China and India have followed mixed culture which are based on traditional cultural system and corporate professionalism. Hence it cannot be denied that even in the 21st century not being able to manage culture could be a huge factor that leads to business failure in the Asian markets[8] ([1] Ho et al.,2012 A global analysis of corporate social performance: The effects of cultural and geographic environments 423-433). From the parlance of philosophy ethics stands to be an extremely important aspect. It is defined as the rules of conduct recognised in respect to a specific human class of action or culture. The Asian markets especially China and India are highly cultural and want others to respect their own culture, traditions which then lead to better relationship building and effective business deals, on the other hand Australia is influenced by US and Bri tain where mixed reactions could be found when asked about business relationship building [9](Chaney, Lillian, and Jeanette Martin.: Intercultural business communication 2013). When the US is likely less interested in relationships then the Britain is focused on building relationships. In the last few years the trade of Australia has increased significantly with India and China in the Asian market which has showed that the Australian organisations have started understanding the importance of building relationships[10] (Curtis et al., 2012 A cross-cultural study of the influence of country of origin, justice, power distance, and gender on ethical decision making 5-34). There are number of aspects that build up cross cultural business relations and ethics have to be put in the parameter list to develop a strong business relation. There are number of cultural factors that come into the picture while discussing about ethical practice in business and its impact on cross cultural business relations. India and China has become a huge marketplace in the global market and almost all the organisations from different regions want to start off their business here not understanding the ethical practices impacts their business practice. From researches it has been found out those executives from China, India and Australia have responded differently to the Geert Hofstedes cultural dimension. They have acted differently to the ethical dilemmas presented to them[11] (Casmir, Fred: Ethics in intercultural and international communication 2013). The analysis showed that Australia even though influenced by US is extremely particular about individualism index which sho ws that they are individual minded, the power distance is unequal which means power lies with the rich and they are open to uncertainty which means they are receptive enough to face the uncertain scenario which means they want to avail new options effectively. China is completely different as they believe in equal power distribution, they are highly prudent about uncertainties and they are collective minded which means they want to flourish together not individually. India on the other hand has unequal power distribution with most of the power with the rich, it is clearly and individualistic minded country and definitely wants to experiment which is pretty typical of an emerging economy[12] (Floyd et al., 2013, Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education 753-776). The cultural conflict that rises in the Asian marketplace are illegal campaign contribution, bribery, selling defective products and other troubling acts. Firstly it is important to sell products with proper country of origin reflecting the origin of the product. In India there have been number of issues with this and even in Australia there have been issues with this aspect. China naturally focuses on this aspect effectively and hence theres no possibility of illegal activities in China. The type of ethical conflict that rises in business definitely helps to understand the cross cultural relations in business[13] (Gesteland and Richard: Cross-cultural business behavior: a guide for global management 2012). Ethical conflict lies in business decision making as well. The organisational differences also play an important role in the development of cultural differences. When Australian businesses are focused on making decisions with the involvement of the upper management whereas in Chin a business decisions are made involving representatives of different levels of the organisation and in India decisions are made similar to Australian counterparts[14] (Hill et al., 2013). According to cultural relativism, no cultures ethics are better than each other but they do differ significantly. The environmental laws in the emerging economies are different and hence this clearly shows that developed nations like Australia wants to trade with Asian markets like China and India. The business culture definitely plays a significant role in building the relationship between organisations and hence it is important that organisations focus on implementing ethics as it is in the different countries[15] (Trevino, Linda K., and Katherine A. Nelson, 2016, Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. 400-413). Ethical relativism cannot be implemented since it is also considered as ethical imperialism. Relativism mainly means applying same ethics in foreign countries but it is not possible and affects business relationships in cross cultural business collaborations. For instance relativism is based on a principle that is absolutism that people will expre ss moral truth on any situation but it is not possible different organisational setting and hence similar ethical practice cannot be implemented in Australia, China and India. Another key aspect which is present in the countries like Australia is wages of the labors[16] (Deresky, Helen.: International management: Managing across borders and cultures, 2017). In developed countries like Australia low wages is considered unethical but in China and India it is not considered as a huge aspect related to ethics and hence when Australian companies come to work in China and India they also start giving away smaller wages and this clearly shows that they deviate from their own ethical guidelines. Hence it could be said that any company from Australia or China or India trying to work in the western market and vice versa is likely to make a disastrous mistake focusing on absolutism as ethical practices are defined differently in different markets and hence following fixed ethical standard will definitely create problems for the western organisations working in Asian market and Asian companies working in Western market as they would be stricter in the developed markets like in Australia. To conclude it could be said that there is no particular ethical standards that companies could follow while operating overseas and hence universality of ethics an d the validity of relativism could be questioned[17] (Bowie, Norman: Business ethics: A Kantian perspective, 2017). Conclusion To conclude it could be said that in order to establish an effective business relationship it is important to understand the cultural differences of the market an organisation is expanding in as standard of values in ethics cannot be implemented in culturally different markets. Taking clues from the Australian, Indian and Chinese market it could be said that there is a significant difference in cultural dimensions among these markets and hence implementing ethical relativism or absolutism might backfire and it could become a disastrous mistake for a western organisation willing to establish business relationship with Chinese and Indian market. It is recommended that the organisation should clearly understand the differences in culture and accordingly implement ethical practices in order to practice business effectively[18] (Saunders, Mark: Organizational trust: A cultural perspective, 2012). Overall it could be said that the as per Chaney and Martin it is established that standards o f business ethics are not universal and differ in different markets and regions which means it is important to understand culture and accordingly implement ethical practice to get the best possible result from the overseas business operations and build cross cultural business relations. References Adekola, Abel, and Bruno S. Sergi.Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge, 2016. Ardichvili, Alexandre, Douglas Jondle, Brenda Kowske, Edgard Cornachione, Jessica Li, and Thomas Thakadipuram. "Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China."Journal of Business Ethics105, no. 4 (2012): 415-428. Bowie, Norman E.Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2017. Casmir, Fred L., ed.Ethics in intercultural and international communication. Routledge, 2013. Cavusgil, S. Tamer, Gary Knight, John R. Riesenberger, Hussain G. Rammal, and Elizabeth L. Rose.International business. Pearson Australia, 2014. Chaney, Lillian, and Jeanette Martin.Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed, 2013. Crane, Andrew, and Dirk Matten.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press, 2016. Curtis, Mary B., Teresa L. Conover, and Lawrence C. Chui. "A cross-cultural study of the influence of country of origin, justice, power distance, and gender on ethical decision making."Journal of International Accounting Research11, no. 1 (2012): 5-34. Deresky, Helen.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India, 2017. Ferrell, Odies C., and John Fraedrich.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education, 2015. Floyd, Larry A., Feng Xu, Ryan Atkins, and Cam Caldwell. "Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education."Journal of business ethics117, no. 4 (2013): 753-776. Gesteland, Richard R.Cross-cultural business behavior: a guide for global management. Copenhagen Business School Press DK, 2012. Griffin, Ricky W., and Mike W. Pustay.International business. Pearson Higher Ed, 2012. Hill, Charles WL, Thomas Cronk, and Rumintha Wickramasekera.Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia), 2013. Ho, Foo Nin, Hui-Ming Deanna Wang, and Scott J. Vitell. "A global analysis of corporate social performance: The effects of cultural and geographic environments."Journal of business ethics107, no. 4 (2012): 423-433. Kuntz, J. R. C., J. R. Kuntz, Detelin Elenkov, and Anna Nabirukhina. "Characterizing ethical cases: A cross-cultural investigation of individual differences, organisational climate, and leadership on ethical decision-making."Journal of Business Ethics113, no. 2 (2013): 317-331. Okoro, Ephraim. "Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion."International journal of business and management7, no. 16 (2012): 130. Saunders, Mark NK. "Organizational trust: A cultural perspective."Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal26, no. 2 (2012). Trevino, Linda K., and Katherine A. Nelson.Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Wild, John J., Kenneth L. Wild, and Jerry CY Han.International business. Pearson Education Limited, 2014.

Illistration Essay Example For Students

Illistration Essay Wasteful PeopleA major problem in the USA today is the fact that Americans waste a lot. The main focus of this fact is the many different things that we waste, although steps are being made to fix the problem of us wasting so many resources. One thing we waste unfortunately is water. For example, One waste of water is many people take bathes instead of showers. Taking a shower saves water by only using a small amount of the water that is needed, to fill the whole tub. Another waste of water is leaving the water running while doing the dishes. The water should always be turned off between rinses. Furthermore doing a full load of laundry when washing your clothes is a waste of water. Therefore make sure that the washer is completely full before starting the washer. Finally leaving the water running while brushing your teeth is good example of water being wasted. A solution to this problem would be to turn the water off between rinses. We have to remember to conserve our water; it can be a costly mistake. Another energy that Americans often waste is electricity. Leaving the lights on in a room that is not occupied is a prime example of a waste of electricity. All that you have to do to conserve electricity in this case is to simply turn the lights off whenever you leave the room. Something that is sometimes too hard to do, but with a little self-discipline it can be a reasonable goal. Another waste of electricity is when people leave their Televisions on all night, Stewart 2whenever they are not home or when they are out of the room. Leaving the refrigerator door open for too long when looking for something is another waste of electricity. This is very common in most households. People leave the door open while putting away groceries or when looking for a snack. A way to solve this problem is to know what you want before you look for a snack, and shut the door between items while putting away the groceries. Wasting electricity can be a very expensive. We need to be careful how we cons erve our energy. Americans waste a lot of recyclable goods, such as paper, glass, and plastic. Paper products are frequently wasted at home and at work. Discarded newspapers and old grocery bags is one example of wasted paper. The solution to saving paper is easy just take all of your old paper products to a local recycling center. Another piece of thrash that is wasted often is glass. Old pickle jars, mayonnaise jars, and jelly jars are thrown away carelessly in the trash when they can easily be washed and reused or recycled. The last piece of garbage that is frequently wasted is plastic. Plastic is wasted very often in milk cartons, soda bottles, and most other containers. Plastic is probably the most wasted thing that we use. Ether washing or reusing can easily conserve plastic. You can also recycle plastic like the other two things. Wasting of glass, paper, and plastic can be prevented if people would take the time to recycle. Americans may be a wasteful people but with discipline and self-control the war against waste can be won. Keep aware about waste and you will be ok.

Sample Body Essay on Food and Agriculture

Sample Body Essay on Food and AgricultureWriting a sample body essay on food and agriculture is one of the best ways to help you find work as a chef, chef trainee, or just cook in general. There are many different reasons why a writer would want to write one, but here are some of the main ones that I have found over the years.People who write essays about eaters often want to know what their next meal will be, and if they will still eat it. If you are interested in what is to come in the future, you can find out by writing a sample body essay on food and agriculture.A chef can find great joy in reading one. Having written one, you will get to learn more about your field, and how other chefs can better serve the tastes of their customers. By writing one, you can also get a chance to give advice on how to write one, and many more great ideas.If you are really passionate about cooking, you may be looking for a way to help others eat better, and there is no better way to do this than by writing a body essay on food and agriculture. You can start by giving an honest opinion on what foods you like, or you can tell them how great they taste. The choice is completely up to you.Some people who write body essays on food and agriculture want to learn about specific foods, or food trends. They may want to know what food was most popular in some time, or what foods are currently being used. You can write a body essay on food and agriculture for any reason you want, and it is possible to get tips from chefs, books, or magazines.There is no reason not to use this as a great way to help others learn more about food. To find a good one, you should look at websites and books that are specifically about the subject. These are often a little harder to find than a more general essay, but they will give you more detailed information and great examples.When you write an essay on food and agriculture, you will learn a lot about the food you enjoy, and you can find many ways to make it even better for other people. Cooking can be a great way to express yourself, and you can learn a lot about food by doing so. It is a wonderful way to feel creative, and many people are looking for ways to help others.

Barbie Doll By Marge Piercy Essays - Play, Barbie Doll,

Barbie Doll By Marge Piercy The poem, Barbie Doll, written by Marge Piercy tells the story of a young girl growing up through the adolescence stage characterized by appearances and barbarity. The author uses imagery and fluctuating tone to describe the struggles the girl is experiencing during her teenage years, and the affects that can happen. The title of this poem is a good description of how most societies expect others, especially girls to look. Constantly, people are mocked for their appearance and expected to represent a barbie-doll-like figure. Few are blessed with this description. The female gender is positioned into the stereotype that women should be thin and beautiful. With this girl, the effects were detrimental. The first stanza describes the influence that a child is placed into during early childhood. Girls are expected to play with dolls and stoves and irons, the usual toys that relate to the old-fashioned duties of women. A young girl begins to learn what she should be for society and not to deviate from the norm. The tone used in this stanza is quite silent and simplistic at first, then takes a turn towards a more bold statement. The author uses the magic of puberty to describe the age where appearance comes into effect. It's ironic that this particular word is used because puberty is actually a stage of emotional crisis'. A hurtful remark was made towards the child, and she was described as having a big nose and fat legs. The second stanza also begins with the subdued tone mentioning the girls positive aspects, such as being healthy?intelligent?strong. These specific details are usually related to the male. Once again, the gender characteristics play as an underlying factor. These qualities were not good enough for a woman if they were not beautiful. The stanza then takes a turn like the first turning away from the simplicity. The girl went to and fro apologizing, while everyone still saw a fat nose on thick legs. Society places women into the mold where they begin to put on a facade and apologize for their misfortunes. In the third stanza, the girl was advised to play coy?(and) smile. Women are once again pressured to act in a way that is unreal, like a barbie doll. The fan belt mention in this stanza is used as imagery to describe how one's facade can wear out over time, as hers did. She cut off her nose and her legs, in response to this. The character Nora in A Doll's House, is a perfect example of how women are like dolls and do what they are told or what society expects of them. It is only in the last stanza where the girl is dead and has consummation at last. She is finally given a compliment when someone said, doesn't she look pretty? The undertaker was able to use make-up to cover the pain and suffering this child went through, and placed her into the mold of a barbie doll with a putty nose and dressed in a pink and white nightie. These two colors are associated with girls' and Barbies. She finally was able to fit into the girl camouflage. Through the teenage years, beauty seems to be a determinant for popularity and some success, which is important to young girls during middle school and high school. At an early age, remarks made about one's appearances can damage an adolescent's personality and self-esteem. In this particular case, it was deathly for this child, as it is for some. The author was able to accomplish this theme through her tone and imagery, while using colors and items associated with girls. The societies within America usually describe someone as beautiful if they are thin and have the perfect body, such as a barbie doll in this poem. Poetry

Free Essays on School Rules

In the book The Battle for History, John Keegan, talks of the many different views on World War II. He takes into account other historical works such as Robert M. Kennedy’s The German Campaign in Poland, Christopher Duffy’s Red Storm on the Reich, The Struggle for Europe by Chester Wilmot and many others. He has already analyzed these other works. He has summarized the authors’ major points and used them to support his own theory, although Keegan’s theory about the written history of the war is quite unclear. The only theory that I could derive, is that â€Å"[it] has not yet been written.† (30) What does he mean by this? The works cited in the back of the book number over one hundred fifty. Numerous references are made to the works of other authors. Keegan does not seem to tell anything from his perspective, but state what he has read. All good and well considering this is history, but are the past events so clearly set in stone? Keegan seems to br ing up questions throughout the book such as: did Roosevelt know of the attack on Pearl Harbor before it happened? â€Å"There have also been explorations of the allegation that Roosevelt had foreknowledge but chose not to act on it, as a means of bringing the United States into the Second World War on the anti-Axis side.† (17) Keegan does not do much to answer these questions, simply brings them into the picture. The book gives no feel of ending or resolution to most of the questions he brings about. Maybe this was his purpose. Topics in the book up from one place to another. In one paragraph Keegan may be discussing the use of the Enigma, a commercial cipher machine; in the next Keegan might begin discussing the use of U-boats. Although there is some logical flow through the book, for the most part the subjects are jumpy, causing the work to be choppy and cluttered babbling. It seems like the author is trying to squeeze as much as he can into as few pages as possible. Keega n does, how... Free Essays on School Rules Free Essays on School Rules In the book The Battle for History, John Keegan, talks of the many different views on World War II. He takes into account other historical works such as Robert M. Kennedy’s The German Campaign in Poland, Christopher Duffy’s Red Storm on the Reich, The Struggle for Europe by Chester Wilmot and many others. He has already analyzed these other works. He has summarized the authors’ major points and used them to support his own theory, although Keegan’s theory about the written history of the war is quite unclear. The only theory that I could derive, is that â€Å"[it] has not yet been written.† (30) What does he mean by this? The works cited in the back of the book number over one hundred fifty. Numerous references are made to the works of other authors. Keegan does not seem to tell anything from his perspective, but state what he has read. All good and well considering this is history, but are the past events so clearly set in stone? Keegan seems to br ing up questions throughout the book such as: did Roosevelt know of the attack on Pearl Harbor before it happened? â€Å"There have also been explorations of the allegation that Roosevelt had foreknowledge but chose not to act on it, as a means of bringing the United States into the Second World War on the anti-Axis side.† (17) Keegan does not do much to answer these questions, simply brings them into the picture. The book gives no feel of ending or resolution to most of the questions he brings about. Maybe this was his purpose. Topics in the book up from one place to another. In one paragraph Keegan may be discussing the use of the Enigma, a commercial cipher machine; in the next Keegan might begin discussing the use of U-boats. Although there is some logical flow through the book, for the most part the subjects are jumpy, causing the work to be choppy and cluttered babbling. It seems like the author is trying to squeeze as much as he can into as few pages as possible. Keega n does, how...

Discuss the relevance of actor network theory and systems thinking for Essay

Discuss the relevance of actor network theory and systems thinking for design and implementation of infrastructure systems - Essay Example Actor network theory outlines the underlying attributes of an information system that are sensitive. It offers a language to describe an information infrastructure. This language describes where, how and the extent to which technology influences the society and human behavior. The process is important during the identification of the technical components that are installed in the system’s modules. Actor network theory is a strategic approach to system thinking because it questions categories of an information system (Onsrud 2007 p. 17). This theory targets the performing order by establishing effects, facts, technological solutions and beliefs. The relationship between society and technology can be conceptualized in different ways. Information technology is a critical factor in the development of a society because it simultaneously enables the amplification of dominating trends that are important for the restructuring of societies. Information technology figures and constrains changes in a society. Members of a society develop the technologies that they want, and they use these technologies for the sustainability of the society (Calderà ³n & Servà ©n, 2004, p. 3). Information technology aids societies to promote the interests of different members, particularly in the control of labor. Information systems comprise large numbers of inter connections and modules. Actor network theory presents a framework that is relevant concerning the design and implementation of information infrastructures. Actor network theory is relevant in the design and implementation of an infrastructure system because it is grounded on simple observations. This theory is concerned with the ways in which design and implementation are done, rather than the ways in which these processes are normatively supposed to be approached. Actor network theory explains how technological artifacts are designed. In addition, the theory explains the processes that are performed during the design of a

Are Americans really free Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Are Americans really free - Essay Example Historically, the USA is considered the birthplace of democracy, and which is important - democracy is an inborn feature of the American nation. The founding fathers of the Constitution of the United States can by no means be called the creators of our freedom - in fact, it already existed in the minds and, which is more important, lives of the colonists. Taking into account all the above said, it seems irrelevant to even question the fact that the Americans are really free yes, things are not so unambiguous in the modern society, and there are phenomena and facts that certainly limit our freedom. In this report, we will concentrate upon the problem of the USA as a panoptic society and the way it limits personal freedom. At the end of the 20th century (1975), a French philosopher Michel Foucault wrote a book Surveiller et punir (Disciple and punish) that gave a historical account of European prison, and the ideas contained in this book have become the basis for the new philosophy. The reason why we have to talk about Foucault's work is because the philosopher was the one who gave a new birth to the term "panopticum" that was first used by Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century to describe a prison allowing to constantly observe the prisoners, and which is more, ever since Foucault's book was released, the modern society began to be regarded as "panoptic" by some researchers. Foucault shows, in effect, how the system of surveillance first practiced in nineteenth-century prisons - those 'complete and austere institutions', as Baltard called them - has increasingly spread throughout modern Westernized societies. This dynamic is terminologically reflected in the shift from what Jrgen Habermas originally called the 'structural transformation of public space' to what he came to call the 'colonization of the life-world'. Colonization has returned home, equipped with appropriate technology. A new, and no less 'peculiar', Apparatus is central to Foucault's account: Bentham's Panopticum. (The Lesser Evil 2003, p. 55) Whereas M. Foucault begins from describing a prison, he finally reaches the conclusion that practically all social institutions are panoptic by their nature - i.e. hospital's wards, school or university's classes, etc. In a panopticum, "[a]n individual is an object of information, but is never a subject of communication". (Foucault 1999, pp. 292) Hence, since panopticum is meant to keep people from communicating, it is a way to suppress their freedom. As Foucault has it: "If there are criminals in the cells, there is no danger of a plot,.. if there are ill people-there is no danger of spreading infection. If there are insane people - there will be no risk of mutual violence; if these are schoolchildren - they will never be able to cheat; if workers are kept there-there are none of the pleasures which can keep them away from work". (Foucault 1999, pp. 293-294) For the French philosopher, panopticum is not only a certain particular organisation - it is, in fact, a principle, a mechanism that acts in the society and serves as means of suppressing individualism, controlling people, turning them into a crowd, forcing onto them some particular type of behaviour - all in all, limiting their

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)  ­Ã‚ ­EVOLUTION OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES: AN OVERVIEW , and Abstract — Substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) is the most captivating technology for easy integration onto planar substrates for millimeter wave components and systems for the next decade. This guide is synthesized on the substrate with arrays of metallic posts retaining the low loss advantage of conventional rectangular waveguides. In this paper, various evolving structures of SIW which had been implemented for various practical applications like filters, couplers, antennas etc are reviewed and some ongoing projects based on this technology are also presented. Index Terms —  Filters, couplers, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) INTRODUCTION Metallic waveguides are preferred over traditional transmission lines like coaxial cables wherein high losses are accounted, namely, copper losses and dielectric losses [1]. Metallic waveguides inherit the advantage of high power handling capability and high Q-factor [2]. In spite of its aforementioned advantages, it is not yet a very promising technology because of its bulky and non planar nature [3]. Slot like planar printed transmission lines are next to metallic waveguides used in microwave integrated circuits (MICs). These were planar in nature but not suitable at smaller frequencies due to its transmission losses [4].      To bridge the gap, SIW is introduced, a very promising waveguide structure which maintains the advantages of a rectangular waveguide, such as high Q-factor and high power handling capability in planar form [5-7]. Basically in SIW, two parallel metallic layers of substrate are connected via metallic posts introducing structure similar to common metallic waveguides. Generically, the substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) are known as substrate integrated circuits (SICs) [8]. SIW is the most popular topology among others family members of SICs because the design techniques of rectangular waveguide can be applied directly to this topology. The SIW technology has been implemented with millimeter and microwave components as it is suitable for high frequency range because of its accounted leakage losses at low frequency. They can be directly connected to planar circuits, namely, micro strip line and coplanar waveguides (CPW), allowing for easy integration of active circuits thus making it su itable for mass production . In this paper, evolutions of SIW structures are studied and different application of SIW technology are presented, and some ongoing projects are discussed later. EVOLUTION OF SIW STRUCTURE At millimeter wave frequency, electromagnetic coupling between building blocks of antenna makes designing a very critical issue. To provide great deal of flexibility for designing of components, concept of SICs is introduced. SIW, which are synthesized on planar substrate in which metallic posts are perforated in the embedded substrate using printed circuit board technology shown in fig.1. [9] Fig.1. Substrate Integrated Waveguide The steady and constant rise of wireless user has fuelled an increase in wireless applications. For the fulfillment of increasing day to day needs of communication, various evolving structures of SIW are proposed. Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW), a new variant in the SIW toolkit is hereby introduced [10]. The structure offers an increase in bandwidth by adding air holes into an SIW mainly for wideband microwave applications. Compared to rectangular waveguides, a size reduction of is achieved with SIW. Unfortunately, SIW are still large (compared to their micro strip counterparts) for various practical applications and hence substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW) is proposed [11]. In SIFW size reduction of (9) is achieved by using dual layer substrate but its losses are increased. Also there are half mode substrate integrated waveguides (HMSIW) [12] which increases the bandwidth and can also have a reduced size while maintaining the advantages of SIW. Recently after HMSIW, folded half wave substrate integrated waveguide (FHMSIW) is proposed but there are complexity issues which needs to be solved [13].For effective utilization of waveguide channel, hybrid SIW is proposed in which waveguide channel usage is maximized by routing a strip line inside the substrate [14]. Novel class of bandwidth enhancing structures are proposed, namely ridged substrate integrated waveguide (RSIW) [15] shown in Fig.3 and ridged substrate integrated slab waveguide (RSISW) [16].In former structure, side walls of top and bottom metal layers are connected by full height metallic posts and central row of partial heighted metallic posts are connected at their bottom by a metal strip. The latter structure is having the similar geometry of RSIW but additional air holes are included to further increase the bandwidth. Also there are unpopular structures like honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and folded corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (FCSIW). HCSIW cr eates partially low dielectric region by drilling air filled posts vertically [17] and FCSIW is used for back lobe suppression [18]. For two different modes of propagation, switchable substrate integrated waveguide (SSIW) (via the biasing of pin diode switch) is introduced [19]. Another variant of HMSIW is rotated HMSIW, to improve the manufacturing tolerances by enabling direct interaction with wave energy at central point which is not feasible for the structures discussed earlier[20]. Recently, Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide; another variant has been added to the SIW toolkit for better gain and low side lobe levels. [21]. Latest variant added to the SIW toolkit is empty SIW (ESIW). This structure eliminates the disadvantages of dielectric substrate by replacing it by novel empty substrate (air filled) while maintaining the advantage of complete integration in planar substrate [22]. Outlines of important configurations of SIW are shown in fig.2. [11], fig.3.[15] and fig.4 [21]. Fig.2. SIW Main Variants Fig.3.RSIW Structure Fig.4.Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide FUTURE TRENDS IN SIW SIW, a very promising technology has been implemented for many practical applications like SIW based shifters, oscillators, resonators, filters, power dividers, diplexers, mixer, antennas and many more [23-30]. Currently there were many ongoing projects in progress based on SIW technology. A very few have been mentioned here in this paper. Efficient synthesis and design of reconfigurable micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based band pass filter (BPF) in SIW technology [31] is one of the ongoing projects. This project is focused on the development of novel microwave and millimeter wave fully reconfigurable BPF on SIW so that advantages of miniaturization, easy integration onto planar substrates, low losses, high power handling can be achieved. This project tries to combine the advantages of novel comb line SIW resonators with the enhanced characteristics of MEMS varactors to tune the response of coupled resonator filters. These filters are key components of emerging RF front ends for future telecommunication systems. SOSRAD-77GHz SIW system on substrates (SOS) radar front end is the other ongoing project based on SIW [32]. The aim of the project is to establish SIW technology as the leading high performance platform to encompass all available technologies within a common substrate at mm-wave frequencies. Some of the completed projects on SIW technology are stated; integrated focusing systems in SIW technology: full wave modeling and optimization [33] and Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application [34]. REFERENCES [1] Dominic Deslandes, â€Å"Design considerations for tapered micro strip to substrate integrated waveguide transitions,† IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 46, no.5, pp.625-630, May 1998. [2] N. Ranjkesh and M. Shahabadi, †LOSS MECHANISMS IN SIW AND MSIW,† Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 4, 299–309, 2008. [3] Li Yan, Wei Hong Guang Hua, Jixin Chen, Ke Wu and Tie Jun Cui, â€Å"Simulation and Experiments on SIW Slot array antennas,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 14, no. 9, September 2004. [4]  Futoshi Kuroki and Ryo-ji Tamarulow, â€Å"Low-loss and Low-cost solution for printed Transmission Lines at Millimeter-wavelengths by using Bilaterally Metal-loaded Tri-plate,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2009. MTT’09, IEEE MTT-S International. [5]  Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu, â€Å"Integrated Micro strip and rectangular waveguide in planar form,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 11, no. 2, February 2001. [6]  Uchimura, H.; Takenoshita, T.; Fujii , M., â€Å"Development of the laminated waveguide,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 3. [7]  a, J.; Ando, M, â€Å"Single layer waveguide consisting of posts for plane TEM wave excitation in parallel plates,† IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no.5, may 1998. [8] a Wu, Dominic Deslandes and Yves Cassivia, â€Å"The Substrate Integrated Circuits-A new concept for high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics,† 6th international conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003, vol. 1. [9] M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and P. Arcioni, â€Å"Current and future research trends in substrate integrated waveguide technology,†Radioengineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 201–209, 2009. [10] Deslandes, D.; Bozzi, M.; Arcioni, P.; Kea Wu, â€Å"Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW) for wideband microwave applications,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 2, pp. 1103-1106. [11] Nikolaos Grigoropoulos, Benito Sanz-Izquierdo and Paul R. Young. â€Å"Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguides (SIFW) and Filters,† IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components letters, vol.15, no. 12, December 2005. [12] W. Hong, B Liu, Y. Wang; Q. Lai, H. Tang, X. X. Yin. D. Dong, Y. Zhang, and K. Wu, â€Å"Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide: A new guided wave structure for microwave and millimeter wave applications,† in Proc. Joint 31st Int. conf. Infr. Millim. Waves, Sept. 18-22, 2006, pp. 219-219. [13] W. Wang, Yuan Jiang, W. J. Zou, R. J. Luo, X. Q. Lin, â€Å"A varactor-loaded tunable phase shifter based on folded half mode substrate integrated waveguides,† in Proc. International Symposium on Antenna, Propagation EM Theory(ISAPE)Oct. 22-26,2012 pp. 558-561. [14]  Suntives, A.;Abhari, R, Experimentalevaluationof ahybridsubstrate integrated waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE, pp.1-4. [15]  Cuixia Li,;Wenquan Che;Russer, P.,Propogation and Band Broadening Effect of Planar Ridged Substrate-integrated Waveguide(RSIW), Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2008. ICMMT 2008.InternationalConference,vol. 2,pp.467-470. [16] M. Bozzi, S. A. Winkler, and K. Wu, â€Å"Broadband and compact ridge substrate integrated waveguides,† IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.4, no. 11, pp. 1965–1973, 2010. [17] H. Ikeuchi, I. Ohta, M. Kishihara, and T. Kawai, â€Å"Honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and its application to design of SIW right-angle corner,† Proc. 42nd European Microwave Conf., pp. 112-115, Oct. 2012. [18] Daekeun Cho; Hai-young Lee,Folded Corrugated SIW(FCSIW) Slot Antenna for Backlobe Suppression, Antennas and wireless propagation Letters,IEEE, vol.2,2013. [19] R. F. Xu; B. S. Izquierdo; and P. R. Young, â€Å"Switchable substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 21,no.4, pp. 194–196, Apr. 2011. [20] Farrall, A..J. ; Young, P.R,Rotated Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Conference(LPAC),2013, pp.514-517. [21] Mohtashami, Y. ; Rashed-Mohassel, J,A Butterfly Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna,IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 2014, vol. 62, pp.3384-3388. [22] A. Belenguer, H. Esteban, V.E. Boria,Novel Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide for High-Performance Microwave Integrated Circuits,IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, April 2014, vol. 62, pp. 832-839. [23] W. Che, E. Yung, and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave ferrite phase shifter in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW),† in IEEE Int. AP-S Symp. Dig.,Jun. 2003, pp. 887–890. [24] Y. Cassivi and K. Wu, â€Å"Low cost microwave oscillator using substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 13,no. 2, pp. 48–50, Feb. 2003. [25] Y. Cassivi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and G. Conciauro, â€Å"Low-cost and high-Q millimeter-wave resonator using substrate integrated waveguide technique,† in Proc. Eur. Microw. Conf., Milan, Italy, Sep. 2002, pp. 1–4. [26] D. Deslandes and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide filters,† in Proc. IEEE Elect. Comput. Eng. Conf., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1917–1920. [27] S. Germain, D. Deslandes, and K. Wu, â€Å"Development of substrate integrated waveguide power dividers,† in Proc. IEEE Can. Conf. Elect.  Comput. Eng., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1921–1924. [28] Z. Hao, W. Hong, J. Chen, X. Chen, and K. Wu, â€Å"Planar diplexer for microwave integrated circuits,† Proc. IEEE Microw. Antennas Propagat. Conf., vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 455–459, Dec. 2005 [29] J. Xu and K. Wu A sub harmonic self-oscillating mixer using substrate integrated waveguide cavity for millimeter-wave application,IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.2019 -1022 2005. [30] W. Hong, â€Å"Development of microwave antennas, components and subsystems based on SIW technology,† in Proc. IEEE Microw., Antenna, Propag. and Electromagn. Conf., Beijing, China, Aug. 8–12, 2005, pp.P-14–P-17 [31] Efficient synthesis and designs of reconfigurable microelectromechanical systems based band pass filter in substrate integrated waveguide technology , cordis .europa . eu / project / rcn / 704581_en.html. [32] SOSRAD-77 GHz substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) system on substrate (SOS) radar front-end, http://www.cttc.es/project/77-ghz-substrate-integrated-waveguide-siw system on substrate-sos-radar-front-end/. [33] Integrated focusing systems in substrate integrated waveguide technology: full wave modeling and optimization, http://www.esf-newfocus.org/achievements_projects.html. [34] Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application, www.becs.ac.in/project-etc-submenu.